CLI 우분투 UEFI 설치 메뉴얼 / How to install CLI Ubuntu UEFI

우분투 16.04 (Xenial) 64비트 기준 CLI 버전 UEFI 설치 방법입니다.

Ubuntu Live USB 제작후 부팅

$ sudo su
# apt update && apt install -y openssh-server
# /etc/init.d/ssh restart
# passwd ubuntu
# ifconfig
PuTTY 연결

디스크 파티셔닝

$ sudo su
# parted -l
# parted /dev/sda
# (parted) mklabel gpt
# (parted) mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 128MiB
# (parted) mkpart primary xfs 128MiB 100%
# (parted) set 1 boot on
# (parted) quit
# partprobe /dev/sda
# mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

베이스 설치

# apt update && apt install -y debootstrap
# debootstrap --arch amd64 xenial /mnt

apt 소스 설정

# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
# nano /mnt/etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe

네트워크 설정

# echo hostname > /mnt/etc/hostname
# nano /mnt/etc/hosts
127.0.1.1		hostname
127.0.0.1		localhost
::1			ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1			ip6-allnodes
ff02::1			ip6-allrouters

# nano /mnt/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 172.16.0.xxx
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 172.16.0.1

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# nano /mnt/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head
nameserver 1.1.1.1
nameserver 1.0.0.1

/etc/fstab 수정

# blkid
# nano /mnt/etc/fstab
PARTUUID=...[/dev/sda2]...	/	ext4	defaults	1	1
PARTUUID=...[/dev/sda1]...	/boot/efi	vfat	nofail,x-systemd.device-timeout=1	0	1

chroot

# sudo mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
# sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
# sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
# sudo mount -t devpts /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
# sudo mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
# sudo mount -t sysfs sysfs /mnt/sys
# sudo mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/tmp
# sudo chroot /mnt /bin/bash
# export HOME=/root

키보드 레이아웃 & 표준 시간 설정

# dpkg-reconfigure locales
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
Asia/Seoul

리눅스 커널, nano 설치

# apt update && apt install -y nano linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic
Continue without installing GRUB

root 패스워드 설정

# passwd

그룹 생성

# addgroup --system lpadmin
# addgroup --system lxd
# addgroup --system sambashare

tmpfs 활성화

# cp /usr/share/systemd/tmp.mount /etc/systemd/system/
# systemctl enable tmp.mount

GRUB 설치 & 설정 (UEFI)

# apt install -y grub-efi-amd64
# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ubuntu --recheck --no-floppy
# update-grub
# update-initramfs -u -k all

# nano /etc/default/grub
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_TERMINAL=console

우분투 설치

# CLI 버전
# apt update && apt install -y ubuntu-standard
# GUI 버전
# apt update && apt install -y ubuntu-desktop

SSH 설치

# apt install -y openssh-server
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
X11Forwarding yes

사용자 생성

# adduser user
# cp -a /etc/skel/.[!.]* /home/user
# chown -R user:user /home/user
# usermod -a -G adm,cdrom,dip,lpadmin,plugdev,sambashare,sudo user

재부팅

# exit
# shutdown -r now

VMware Tools 설치 (가상머신일 경우)

$ sudo su
# mkdir /cdrom
# mount /dev/sr1 /cdrom
# mkdir /t
# cp /cdrom/VMwareTools-10.3.23-17030940.tar.gz /t/
# cd /t
# tar xzvf VMwareTools-10.3.23-17030940.tar.gz
# cd vmware-tools-distrib
# ./vmware-install.pl
# cd /
# umount -l /cdrom
# rm -rf /cdrom
# rm -rt /t

자동 업데이트 끄기

# echo 'APT::Periodic::Enable "0";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic

Python

# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1
# curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
# python get-pip.py
# rm -rf get-pip.py

net-tools, logrotate, tree, zip, unzip 설치

# apt install -y net-tools logrotate tree zip unzip

log2ram 설치

# git clone https://github.com/azlux/log2ram.git
# cd log2ram
# ./install.sh
# nano /etc/log2ram.conf
SIZE=128M
MAIL=false
LOG_DISK_SIZE=320M

# shutdown -r now
$ sudo su
# rm -rf log2ram

제대로 설치 되었는지 확인

# df -h --total
tmpfs, log2ram 확인
# dmesg | grep -i "EFI v"
UEFI 확인

임시 폴더 생성

# mkdir t
# cd t

유용한 툴들 설치

# curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
# wget https://github.com/ogham/exa/releases/download/v0.10.1/exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.1.zip
# unzip exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.1.zip -d exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.1
# mv exa-linux-x86_64-v0.10.1/bin/exa /usr/local/bin/

# wget https://github.com/junegunn/fzf/releases/download/0.27.2/fzf-0.27.2-linux_amd64.tar.gz
# tar xzvf fzf-0.27.2-linux_amd64.tar.gz
# mv fzf /usr/local/bin/

# wget https://github.com/orf/gping/releases/download/gping-v1.2.3/gping-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
# tar xzvf gping-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
# mv gping /usr/local/bin/

# wget https://github.com/bootandy/dust/releases/download/v0.6.2/dust-v0.6.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
# tar xzvf dust-v0.6.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
# mv dust-v0.6.2-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/dust /usr/local/bin/

# wget https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases/download/v0.18.2/bat_0.18.2_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i bat_0.18.2_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/sharkdp/fd/releases/download/v8.2.1/fd_8.2.1_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i fd_8.2.1_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep/releases/download/13.0.0/ripgrep_13.0.0_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i ripgrep_13.0.0_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/muesli/duf/releases/download/v0.6.2/duf_0.6.2_linux_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i duf_0.6.2_linux_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/dandavison/delta/releases/download/0.8.3/git-delta_0.8.3_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i git-delta_0.8.3_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/Peltoche/lsd/releases/download/0.20.1/lsd_0.20.1_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i lsd_0.20.1_amd64.deb

# wget https://github.com/ClementTsang/bottom/releases/download/0.6.3/bottom_0.6.3_amd64.deb
# dpkg -i bottom_0.6.3_amd64.deb

# wget https://dystroy.org/broot/download/x86_64-linux/broot
# chmod +x broot
# mv broot /usr/local/bin/

# apt install snapd
# snap install procs
# nano /etc/environment
"...:/snap/bin"
# source /etc/environment

# apt install silversearcher-ag httpie npm

# npm install gtop -g

# pip install glances
# pip install tldr

# git clone https://github.com/cantino/mcfly
# cd mcfly
# cargo install --path .
# cd ..

# cargo install sd
# cargo install choose
# cargo install zoxide

# curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ducaale/xh/master/install.sh | sh

# curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh | sh
# nano /etc/nanorc
set quiet
set brackets ""')>]}"
set linenumbers
set smooth
set softwrap
set tabsize 4

임시 폴더 삭제

# cd ..
# rm -rf t

PATH 설정, ls & exa 출력 색상 변경

# mkdir .cargo
# cp -r /root/.cargo/bin ./.cargo/
# chown -R user:user .cargo

# nano /etc/environment
EXA_COLORS="da=36"

# nano ~/.bashrc
LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:"di=1;36:"
export LS_COLORS
eval "$(zoxide init bash)"
eval "$(mcfly init bash)"

# nano /etc/skel/.bashrc
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.cargo/bin"
LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:"di=1;36:"
export LS_COLORS
eval "$(zoxide init bash)"
eval "$(mcfly init bash)"

# exit
$ nano ~/.bashrc
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.cargo/bin"
LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:"di=1;36:"
export LS_COLORS
eval "$(zoxide init bash)"
eval "$(mcfly init bash)"

명령어 히스토리 자동 백업

$ mkdir command_history
$ cd command_history
$ nano backup_history.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd ~/command_history
tstamp=$(date +%y%m%d%H%M%S)
fname="backup_$tstamp"

HISTFILE=~/.bash_history
set -o history

history > "$fname"
tar czvf "$fname.tar.gz" "$fname"
rm -rf "$fname"
$ chmod +x backup_history.sh
$ crontab -e
# 매일 00시 00분에 백업
0 0 * * * ~/command_history/backup_history.sh